RETINA AND VITREOUS

1. Age Related Macular Degeneration 1

• Age Related Macular Degeneration–I 2

Jose M Ruiz Moreno,Javier A Montero, Francisco L Lugo (Spain)

• Age Related Macular Degeneration–II 22

T Mark Johnson (USA)

– Dry AMD 22

– Exudative AMD 26

– AMD Variants 38

– Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation 38

– Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy 41

2. Macular Diseases 43

Pedro Amat – Peral, Jose M Ruiz Moreno, Javier A Montero,Francisco L Lugo (Spain)

– Macular Hole 44

– Epiretinal Membrane (EM) 48

– Vitreomacular Traction Syndrome (VTS) 52

– Myopic Macular Schisis (MMS) 54

3. Macular Disorders 65

• Macular Disorders 66

T Mark Johnson (USA)

– Central Serous Retinopathy 70

– Epiretinal Membrane (ERM) 74

– Vitreomacular Traction Syndromes 78

– Macular Hole 80

– Cystoid Macular Edema 84

• Central Serous Retinopathy 86

Ashok Garg (India)

4. Vascular Disorders 97

• Vascular Disorders 98

Francisco L Lugo, Jose M Ruiz Moreno, Javier A Montero,Pedro Amat-Peral (Spain)

– Venous Occlusive Disease 98

– Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion 98

– Central Retinal Vein Occlusion (CRVO) 102

– Arterial Occlusive Disease 104

– Central Retinal Artery Obstruction 106

– Branch Retinal Artery Obstruction 108

– Hypertensive Retinopathy 108

– Hypertensive Choroidopathy 110

– Hypertensive Neuropathy 110

– Retinal Arterial Macroaneurysms 110

• Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion 122

Emanuel Rosen (UK)

• Malignant Hypertension Retinopathy 126

Emanuel Rosen (UK)

• Subhyaloid Hemorrhage 130

Shaifali Singla, Lalit Verma, Avnindra Gupta, Madhu Karna,

Dinesh Talwar, HK Tewari (India)

5. Diabetic Retinopathy 135

• Diabetic Retinopathy—I 136

Javier Montero, Jose Ruiz Moreno, Amat Pearl P (Spain)

– Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy 136

– Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy 136

– Diabetic Macular Edema 138

• Diabetic Retinopathy—II 158

T Mark Johnson (USA)

– Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy 158

– Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy 160

• Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy 166

Emanuel Rosen (UK)

6. Pediatric Diseases 171

• Retinopathy of Prematurity 172

Anjli Hussain, Nazimul Hussain, Sundaram Natarajan (India)

• Best’s Disease or Best’s Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy 180

Nazimul Hussain, Anjli Hussain (India)

• Gyrate Atrophy 184

Nazimul Hussain, Anjli Hussain (India)

7. Inflammatory and Infective Disorders of Retina 187

Ajay Aurora, Alay Banker, Vikrant Sharma, Neeraj Sanduja (India)

– Toxoplasmosis 190

– Toxocariasis 192

– Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome 194

– Sarcoidosis 200

– CMV Retinitis 202

– Progressive Outer Retinal Necrosis (PORN) 206

– Frosted Branch Angiitis 208

– Treatment of viral retinitis 210

– Ocular Tuberculosis 212

8. Vitreous Diseases 215

• Asteroid Hyalosis 216

Soumen Mondal, S Natarajan (India)

• Hereditary Vitreoretinopathies 218

Soumen Mondal, Supriya Dabir, S Natarajan (India)

– Stickler’s Syndrome 218

– Wagner’s Disease 220

– Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy 222

– Fabre-Goldmann Disease 224

– Hereditary Retinoschisis 226

• Vitreous Opacities 230

Ashok Garg (India)

9. Retinal Detachment 237

• Retinal Detachment 238

Neeraj Sanduja, Ajay Aurora (India)

– Rhegmatogenous RD 240

– Tractional RD 250

– Exudative RD 252

• Exudative Retinal Detachment 256

Hsi Kung Kuo (Taiwan)

– Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome 257

– Sympathetic Ophthalmia 260

– Toxemia of Pregnancy 262

– Choroidal Metastasis 264

– Choroidal Hemangioma 268

– Coat’s Disease 270

10. Hereditary Retinal Dystrophies 275

Supriya Dabir, Soumen Mondal, Priyanka Doctor, Nikoloz Labauri, S Natarajan (India)

– Retinitis Pigmentosa 276

– Stargardt’s Disease in Fundus Flavimaculatus 282

– Vitteliform Dystrophy 286

– Leber’s Congenital Amaurosis 290

– Bietti Crystalline Dystrophy 294

– North Carolina Macular Dystrophy 296

– Butterfly-shaped Pigment Dystrophy of the Fovea 300

– Sorsby Pseudo-inflammatory Macular Dystrophy 302

– Dominant Drusen 304

– Benign Familial Fleck Retina 306

– Alport Syndrome 308

– Dominant Cystoid Macular Dystrophy 310

11. Eales Disease 313

Rajpal Vohra, Ashok Garg (India)

12. Tumors 319

• Tumors 320

Debraj Shome, Ashok Garg (India)

– Retinoblastoma 320

– Retinal Capillary Hemangioma 330

– Retinal Cavernous Hemangioma 334

– Vasoproliferative Tumor of the Retina 336

– Retinal Astrocytoma 338

– Choroidal Melanoma 340

– Solitary Choroidal Hemangioma 346

• Choroidal Metastasis 348

• Choroidal Hemangioma 352

Hsi Kung Kuo (Taiwan)

13. Trauma 355

Neeraj Sanduja, Rupesh Aggarwal, Ajay Aurora (India)

• Blunt Trauma 358

– Vitreous Hemorrhage 358

– Retinal Tear or Detachment 358

– Commotio Retinae 358

– Choroidal Rupture 358

– Macular Hole 358

– Avulsed Optic Nerve 358

– Scleral Rupture 358

• Penetrating Trauma 364

– Post-traumatic Endophthalmitis 364

– Retained IOFB 368

– Sympathetic Ophthalmia 370

14. White Dot Syndrome 373

Shaifali Singla, Lalit Verma, Avnindra Gupta,Dinesh Talwar, HK Tewari (India)

15. Miscellaneous 381

• Myelinated Nerve Fibers 382

Emanuel Rosen (UK)

• Optic Disk Drusen 384

Emanuel Rosen (UK)

• Optic Neuritis 388

Emanuel Rosen (UK)

Index 391