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Psychiatry

Psychiatry

The Woman Who Decided to Die Challenges and Choices at the Edges of Medicine

The Woman Who Decided to Die Challenges and Choices at the Edges of Medicine

Rationality and the Reflective Mind

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9780195341140
 

In Rationality and the Reflective Mind, Keith Stanovich attempts to resolve the Great Rationality Debate in cognitive science—the debate about how much irrationality to ascribe to human cognition. He shows how the insights of dual-process theory and evolutionary psychology can be combined to explain why humans are sometimes irrational even though they possess remarkably adaptive cognitive machinery. Stanovich argues that to fully characterize differences in rational thinking, we need to replace dual-process theories with tripartite models of cognition. Using a unique individual differences approach, he shows that the traditional second system (System 2) of dual-process theory must be further divided into the reflective mind and the algorithmic mind. Distinguishing them will allow us to better appreciate the significant differences in their key functions: The key function of the reflective mind is to detect the need to interrupt autonomous processing and to begin simulation activities, whereas that of the algorithmic mind is to sustain the processing of decoupled secondary representations in cognitive simulation.
Stanovich then uses this algorithmic/reflective distinction to develop a taxonomy of cognitive errors made on tasks in the heuristics and biases literature. He presents the empirical data to show that the tendency to make these thinking errors is not highly related to intelligence. Using his tripartite model of cognition, Stanovich shows how, when both are properly defined, rationality is a more encompassing construct than intelligence, and that IQ tests fail to assess individual differences in rational thought. He then goes on to discuss the types of thinking processes that would be measured if rational thinking were to be assessed as IQ has been.

More Information
Author STANOVICH
Table Of Content

Preface
CHAPTER I:
Dual-Process Theory and the Great Rationality Debate
The Great Rationality Debate
Individual Differences in the Great Rationality Debate
Dual Process Theory: The Current State of Play
Properties of Type 1 and Type 2 Processing
Dual-Process Theory and Human Goals:
Implications for the Rationality Debate
The Rest of This Book: Complications in Dual Process Theory
and Their Implications for the Concepts of Rationality and Intelligence
CHAPTER II:
Differentiating the Algorithmic Mind and the Reflective Mind
Unpacking Type 2 Functioning Using Individual Differences
Cognitive Ability and Thinking Dispositions
Partition the Algorithmic and the Reflective Mind
Intelligence Tests and Critical Thinking Tests
Partition the Algorithmic from the Reflective Mind
Thinking Dispositions as Independent Predictors of Rational Thought
CHAPTER III:
The Key Functions of the Reflective Mind
and the Algorithmic Mind that Support Human Rationality
So-Called "Executive Functioning" Measures Tap the
Algorithmic Mind and Not the Reflective Mind
CHAPTER IV:
The Tri-Process Model and Serial Associative Cognition
The Cognitive Miser and Focal Bias
Converging Evidence in the Dual Process Literature
CHAPTER V:
The Master Rationality Motive and the Origins of the Nonautonomous Mind
Metarepresentation and Higher-Order Preferences
What Motivates the Search for Rational Integration?
The Master Rationality Motive as a Psychological Construct
Evolutionary Origins of the Master Rational Motive and Type 2 Processing
CHAPTER VI:
A Taxonomy of Rational Thinking Problems
(with Richard F. West)
Dual-Process Theory and Knowledge Structures
The Preliminary Taxonomy
Heuristics and Biases Tasks in Terms of the Taxonomy
Multiply-Determined Problems of Rational Thought
Missing Input from the Autonomous Mind
CHAPTER VII:
Intelligence as a Predictor of Performance on Heuristics and Biases Tasks
(with Richard F. West)
Intelligence and Classic Heuristics and Biases Effects
Belief Bias and Myside Bias
Why Thinking Biases Do and Do Not Associate with Cognitive Ability
Cognitive Decoupling, Mindware Gaps, and Override Detection
in Heuristics and Biases Tasks
CHAPTER VIII:
Rationality and Intelligence: Empirical and Theoretical Relationships and Implications for the Great Rationality Debate
Intelligence and Rationality Associations in Terms of the Taxonomy
Summary of the Relationships
Individual Differences, the Reflective Mind,
and the Great Rationality Debate
Skepticism About Mindware-Caused Irrationalities
CHAPTER IX:
The Social Implications of Separating
the Concepts of Intelligence and Rationality
Broad Versus Narrow Concepts of Intelligence
Intelligence Imperialism
Intelligence Misidentified as Adaptation and the Deification of Intelligence
Strategies for Cutting Intelligence Down to Size
Society's Selection Mechanisms
CHAPTER X:
The Assessment of Rational Thought
(with Richard F. West and Maggie E. Toplak)
A Framework for the Assessment of Rational Thinking
Operationalizing the Components of Rational Thought
The Future of Research on Individual Differences in Rational Thought

References
Figures and Tables

Publish Date 3 Dec 2010
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